The leaders of the G20 will meet on 30 November and 1 December in Buenos Aires for their annual summit. They need to acknowledge that the last two years have been characterised by strong headwinds for the world economy . This time, however, it is not a mixture of poor macroeconomic policies and bad...

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) can be used by signatory countries to manage their participation in global value chains as well as cross-border migration flows. The inclusion of one additional provision in PTAs stimulates the bilateral fragmentation of production by one percent. PTAs that...

Substantive standards in new international investment agreements converge, including between Europe and North America. Typical features of convergence include market access commitments, broad most-favoured-nation and national treatment clauses, a narrowing of some substantive standards, and broad...

African women are frequently over-represented in cross-border trade; however, their specific needs are insufficiently addressed. The migration aspect of cross-border trade requires greater prominence, including attention to the gendered characteristics of migration. Female traders require greater...

Japan has traditionally imposed one of the most stringent immigration policies among developed nations. But with aging demographics, its increasingly critical labour shortage is prompting more radical approaches, including relaxing a virtual ban on unskilled workers. Many countries are currently...